Decoding Breast Cancer: Symptoms and Causes You Should Know

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Decoding Breast Cancer: Symptoms
and Causes You Should Know

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Breast cancer is a common health issue that impacts millions of women around the globe, and it has become the leading cancer among women in metropolitan areas. The incidence is rising rapidly, with 1 in 25 urban women likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime. Although the exact causes remain unclear, a combination of genetic mutations, hormonal changes, and environmental factors may contribute to its development.

Who is at risk?

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors

These are factors you can’t change:

Age: Women over 50 may have a higher risk of breast cancer, but many women in India are diagnosed in their 40s. This highlights the importance of regular check-ups, regardless of age.
Gender: While breast cancer is often thought of as a women’s disease, men can also develop it, making up about 1% of all cases. Awareness is essential for everyone.
Family History: If you have a close family member—like a mother or sister—who has had breast or ovarian cancer, your risk may be slightly elevated.
Genetics: Some women inherit changes in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which can increase their risk of breast cancer.
Personal History: Factors such as having your periods at a younger age (early menarche), experiencing late menopause, or having a personal history of breast cancer or benign breast lesions can influence your risk.
Breast Density: Women with dense breast tissue may need to be more proactive since tumors can be harder to detect on mammograms. Regular screenings are key for early detection.
History of Radiation Therapy: If you received radiation treatment to the chest before age 30 as treatment.

Modifiable Risk Factors

These are lifestyle choices you can change:

Obesity: Carrying extra central body fat can elevate estrogen levels, increasing the risk of breast cancer. Maintaining a healthy weight is essential for your overall health.
Pregnancy and Breast feeding: Having your first pregnancy after the age of 30 and breastfeeding less can contribute to a higher risk of breast cancer.
Smoking: Research indicates that smoking may increase breast cancer risk.
Hormonal Medications: Using hormone replacement therapy after menopause or taking oral contraceptives for more than 10 years may elevate risk for some women.

Exploring Genetic Factors

Familial cancers make up about 5% of breast cancer cases. Key players in this process are tumor suppressor genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2, which help regulate cell division, fix DNA errors, and trigger cell death when necessary. When mutations occur in these genes, they lose their ability to correct DNA mistakes, leading to abnormal cell growth and division, which can ultimately result in breast cancer.

What are the signs & symptoms?

Usually, there is no pain or symptoms associated with the early stages of breast cancer. But breast cancer may present as any of the following signs or symptoms:

A painless lump in the breast or underarm
Change in the size or shape of the breast
Blood or unusual nipple discharge
Nipple retraction (nipple turned inward into the breast) or nipple ulceration
Red angry looking swollen breast

While noticing these symptoms doesn’t automatically indicate breast cancer, they can arise from other conditions as well. If you observe any of these signs, it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional promptly for a thorough evaluation.

Consult Dr. Sridevi Murali-Nanavati

If you have concerns about breast cancer or want to learn more about your risk factors, consider booking a consultation with Dr. Sridevi Murali Nanavati, a Breast Oncoplastic Surgeon. Your health is our top priority, and we’re here to provide the care and support you need.